LITERATURE STUDY:COMPARATIVE EDUCATION SYSTEMS OF FINLAND, SOUTH KOREA, AND THE NETHERLANDS AS A REFLECTION OF EDUCATION DEVELOPMENT IN INDONESIA

Abstract

This study aims to comparatively analyze the primary education systems in Finland, South Korea, and the Netherlands and reflect on their implications for educational development in Indonesia through a systematic literature review. The study findings show that the three countries have distinct yet consistent approaches to educational policy and implementation, with Finland emphasizing teacher equity and professionalism, South Korea focusing on academic achievement and technology integration, and the Netherlands prioritizing school flexibility and autonomy. Overall, the success of the education system is influenced by policy consistency, teacher quality, an adaptive curriculum, and a learning culture aligned with societal values. Therefore, this study can serve as a conceptual reference for the development of a more contextual, inclusive, and sustainable Indonesian education system.